| Description |
xxxvi, 1148 pages : illustrations ; 22 cm |
| Content |
text txt |
| Media |
unmediated n |
| Carrier |
volume nc |
| Edition |
5th ed. |
| Bibliography |
Includes bibliographical references and index. |
| Contents |
1. Antioxidants / Dr. K. Schwarzenbach, Dr. B. Gilg, D. Muller, Dr. G. Knobloch, J.-R. Pauquet, Dr. P. Rota-Graziosi, Dr. A. Schmitter, J. Zingg and Prof. Dr. E. Kramer -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Economic Situation -- 1.3. Principles of Oxidative Degradation -- 1.4. Inhibited Autoxidation -- 1.5. Basic Antioxidant Mechanisms -- 1.6. Testing of Antioxidants -- 1.7. Stabilization of Selected Substrates -- 1.8. Technological Trend -- 1.9. References -- 1.10. Appendix A: Chemical Structures, CAS -- Numbers, Producers and Tradenames of Stabilizers -- 2. Light Stabilizers / F. Gugumus -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Photodegradation of Synthetic Polymers -- 2.3. Mechanisms of UV Stabilization -- 2.4. Light Stabilizer Testing -- 2.5. Technical Aspects of Light Stabilization -- 2.6. Stabilization of Selected Plastics -- 2.7. List of Tradenames and Suppliers -- 2.8. References -- 2.9. Appendix B -- 3. PVC Stabilizers / Dr. R. Bacalogulu, Dr. M. H. Fisch, J. Kaufhold and H. J. Sander -- 3.1. The Economic and Technical Importance of PVC Stabilizers -- 3.2. Thermal Degradation and Stabilization of PVC -- 3.3. Product Groups and Their Specific Chemical and Application Characteristics -- 3.4. Legal Requirements -- 3.5. Test Methods -- 3.6. Technological Trends and Outlook -- 3.7. Index of Tradenames and Suppliers of PVC Stabilizers -- 3.8. References -- 4. Acid Scavengers / A. Holzner and Dr. K. Chmil -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Basic Principles of Mechanism / Action -- 4.3. Physical and Chemical Descriptions of the Additives -- 4.4. Incorporation of Additives in the Polymers -- 4.5. Testing Additives in the Polymers -- 4.6. Examples of Formulations and Additive Performance in Various Polymers -- 4.7. Interference with Other Additives -- 4.8. Technological Trends -- 4.9. Conclusion -- 4.10. List of Manufacturers per Product Group -- 4.11. References -- 5. Lubricants / Dr. E. Richter -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Effects of Lubricants -- 5.3. Testing Lubricants -- 5.4. Lubricant Product Groups and Their Properties -- 5.5. Practical Use of Lubricants -- 5.6. Technological Trends and Outlook -- 5.7. List of Trade Names and Suppliers -- 5.8. References -- 6. Polymer Processing Aids / Stephen E. Amos, Glen M. Giacoletto, John H. Horns, Claude Lavallee and Susan S. Woods -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Mechanisms of Processing Aid Action -- 6.3. Processing Aid Technologies and Historical Perspective -- 6.4. Incorporation of Processing Aids -- 6.5. Applications for Processing Aids -- 6.6. Effects and Advantages in Different Processes -- 6.7. Processing Aid Use in Other Polymers -- 6.8. How to Evaluate a Processing Aid -- 6.9. Analytical Techniques -- 6.10. Additive Interactions -- 6.11. Regulatory Status -- 6.12. List of Trade Names, Class and Processing Aid Manufacturers -- 6.13. References -- 7. Anti-blocking Additives / Dr. T. Kromminga and Dr. G. Van Esche -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Basic Mechanism of Action -- 7.3. Physical and Chemical Description of Anti-blocking Additives -- 7.4. Applications for Anti-blocking Additives -- 7.5. Measurement Methods -- 7.6. Incorporation Methods -- 7.7. Toxicology of Anti-blocking Additives -- 7.8. Technological Trends -- 7.9. List of Manufacturers and Tradenames of Commonly Used Anti-blocking Additives -- 7.10. References -- 8. Slip Additives / F. Wylin -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Basic Principles of Additive Action -- 8.3. Description of Slip Additives -- 8.4. Structures of Slip Additives -- 8.5. Incorporation of Slip Additives in Polymers -- 8.6. Testing of Slip Performance -- 8.7. Examples of Formulations/Performance of Additives in Various Polymers -- 8.8. Trends -- 8.9. List of Trade Names and Suppliers -- 8.10. References -- 9. Antifogging Additives / F. Wylin -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Basic Principles of Action of Antifogging Additives -- 9.3. Description of Antifogging Additives -- 9.4. Structure of Antifogging Additives -- 9.5. Incorporation of Antifogging Additives into Polymers -- 9.6. Testing of Antifogging Performance -- 9.7. Examples of Formulations and Performance of Antifogging Additives in Various Polymers -- 9.8. Trends -- 9.9. List of Trade Names and Suppliers -- 9.10. References -- 10. Antistatic Additives / F. Wylin -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Basic Principles of Action of Antistatic Additives -- 10.3. Description of Antistatic Additives -- 10.4. Structures of Antistatic Additives -- 10.5. Incorporation of Antistatic Additives into Polymers -- 10.6. Testing Antistatic Performance -- 10.7. Examples of Formulations and Performance of Antistatic Additives in Various Polymers -- 10.8. Trends -- 10.9. List of Tradenames and Suppliers -- 10.10. References -- 11. Antimicrobials / D. Ochs -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Use of Antimicrobials and Requirements -- 11.3. Mode of Action -- 11.4. Test Methods -- 11.5. Regulations Related to Antimicrobials -- 11.6. Future Trends -- 11.7. List of Products, Tradenames, and Suppliers -- 11.8. References -- 12. Flame Retardants / Paul F. Ranken -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Flame Retardant Mechanisms -- 12.3. Organic Flame Retardant Structures, Physical Properties, and Typical Uses -- 12.4. Typical Flame Retardant Formulations -- 12.5. Evaluation of Flame Retardants -- 12.6. Technological Trends -- 12.7. List of Trade Names, Manufacturers/ Suppliers -- 12.8. References -- 13. Chemical Blowing Agents / H. Hurnik -- 13.1. Introduction -- 13.2. Basic Principles and Function of Blowing Agents -- 13.3. Product Classes and Mechanisms of Action -- 13.4. Blowing Agent Preparations -- 13.5. Testing Chemical Blowing Agents -- 13.6. Incorporation of Chemical Blowing Agents into Polymers -- 13.7. Processing and Applications -- 13.8. Technological Trends and Outlook -- 13.9. List of Trade names and Manufacturers of Chemical Blowing Agents -- 13.10. References -- 14. Crosslinking and Controlled Degradation of Polyolefins / Dr. Dan Munteanu -- 14.1. Introduction -- 14.2. Principles of Polyolefin Crosslinking and Controlled Degradation -- 14.3. Organic Peroxides for Crosslinking, Chain-scission and Grafting -- 14.4. Organofunctional Silanes -- 14.5. Incorporation of Peroxides and Silanes in Polyolefins -- 14.6. Technical Aspects of Peroxide Crosslinking -- 14.7. Technical Aspects of Silane Crosslinking -- 14.8. Structures and General Properties of Crosslinked Polyolefins -- 14.9. Specific Properties and Applications of Crosslinked Polyolefins -- 14.10. Controlled Degradation of Polypropylene -- 14.11. Technological Trends and Outlook -- 14.12. List of Suppliers, Tradenames and Producers -- 14.13. List of Abbreviations and Symbols -- 14.14. References -- 15. Colorants / R. Scherrer -- 15.1. Color -- 15.2. Colorants -- 15.3. Colorant Incorporation -- 15.4. Colorant Selection Criteria -- 15.5. Dispersion-related Problems -- 15.6. Forms of supply -- 15.7. Coloration of PVC -- 15.8. Coloration of Polyolefins -- 15.9. Coloration of Styrenic and Acrylic Polymers -- 15.10. Polyamides and Polycarbonate -- 15.11. Polyurethane -- 15.12. Thermoplastic Polyesters and Other Engineering Plastics -- 15.13. Test Methods -- 15.14. Trends and Future Prospects -- 15.15. List of Colorant Suppliers -- 15.16. References -- 16. Fluorescent Whitening Agents / Alfred G. Oertli -- 16.1. Introduction -- 16.2. Basic Principles of Whitening Mechanisms -- 16.3. Selection and Technical Requirements of Optical Brighteners -- 16.4. Structure of Optical Brighteners -- 16.5. Incorporation of Optical Brighteners into Polymers -- 16.6. Testing of Optical Brighteners in Polymers -- 16.7. Performance data of optical brighteners in various substrates -- 16.8. Technological Trends -- 16.9. Index of Trade Names, Manufacturers and Suppliers -- 16.10. References -- 17. Fillers and Reinforcements / Coupling Agents / Walter Hohenberger -- 17.1. Introduction -- 17.2. Principle Mechanisms in Polymers -- 17.3. Properties of Fillers and Guiding Selection -- 17.4. Characterization of Fillers -- 17.5. Processing -- 17.6. Performance in Thermoplastic Polymers -- 17.7. Coupling Agents -- 17.8. Trends -- 17.9. Index of Trade Names and Manufacturers -- 17.10. References. |
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18. Nucleating Agents for Semi-crystalline Polymers / Jenci Kurja and Dr. Nathan A. Mehl -- 18.1. Introduction -- 18.2. Crystallization and Nucleation of Semi-crystalline Polymers -- 18.3. Nucleation of Polyolefins -- 18.4. Nucleation of Engineering Plastics -- 18.5. Nucleation of Other Semi-crystalline Polymers -- 18.6. Future Trends -- 18.7. List of Chemical Designations, Trade names and Suppliers -- 18.8. References -- 19. Additives for Mechanical Recycling of Plastics / Rudolf Pfaendner -- 19.1. Introduction -- 19.2. Differences between Virgin Materials and Recyclates -- 19.3. Upgrading Recycled Plastics -- 19.4. Restabilization -- 19.5. Compatibilization -- 19.6. Other Additives -- 19.7. Troubleshooting Post Consumer Recyclates -- 19.8. Conclusions -- 19.9. Abbreviations of Products -- 19.10. Test procedure mentioned in chapter 19 -- 19.11. References -- 20. The Physical Behavior of Polymer Additives / N C Billingham -- 20.1. Introduction -- 20.2. Solubility of Additives in Polymers -- 20.3. Diffusion of Additives in Polymers -- 20.4. Physical State of Additives in Polymers -- 20.5. Additive Loss from Polymers -- 20.6. Additive Design for Permanence -- 20.7. Physical Effects in Aging Tests -- 20.8. Conclusions -- 20.9. References -- 21. Analytics / Pierre Bataillard and Mark Thomas -- 21.1. Introduction -- 21.2. Chromatography -- 21.3. Spectroscopy -- 21.4. Analytics and Quality Control in a Production Environment -- 21.5. Extraction and Sample Preparation -- 21.6. Analytical Challenges -- 21.7. Migration Studies for Indirect Food Contact -- 21.8. Validation -- 21.9. Abbreviation of Products -- 21.10. References -- 22. Aspects of Plastic Additives Related to Health, Safety and Environment -- 22.1. Product Safety Aspects -- 22.2. Regulatory Aspects -- 22.3. Handling of Solid Additives. |
| Subject(s) |
Plastics -- Additives.
|
| Alternate Author |
Zweifel, Hans, 1939-2001.
|
|
Amos, St. E. (Stephen E.)
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